Artificial cement.



No. 655,50I. Patented Aug. 7,1900;

7 L. H. M. MERCERDN-VICAT.

ARTIFICIAL CEMENT.

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No. 655,50I. Patented-Aug. 7, I900. L. H. M. MERCERON-VICAT.

ARTIFICIAL CEMENT.

(Application filed Dec. 28, 1897.) (No Model.) 3 Sheets-Sheet 2.

WITNESFEY INVENTQR H.IVI.IVIERCERONVICRT I I I Y HISflTTo s "m: NORRIS PETERS co. PMoTaLrrHQ. wlxsmunrcu o c No. 655,50I. I Patented Aug. 7, I900. L. H. M. MEBCERON-VICAT.

' ARTIFICIAL CEMENT.

[Application filed. Dec. 28, 1897.)

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' ATENT LOUIS HENRI MAURICE MERCERON-VICAT, OF GRENOBLE, FRANCE, AS-

SIGNOR TO HIMSELF AND NESTOR JOSEPH EMILE CORNIER, OF SAME PLACE, AND MARIUS JOSEPH LOUIS VALLA, OF MARSEILLES, FRANCE.

. ARTIFICIAL CEMENT.

SPECIFICATION forming part of Letters Patent N o. 5,501, dated August '7, 1900.

Application filed December 28, 1897. Serial No. 663,973. (No specimens.)

1'0 aZZ whom it may concern..-

Be it known that I, LOUIS HENRI MAURICE MERCER-ON-VIOAT, a citizen of the Republic of France, and residing in Grenoble, France, have invented certain new and useful Improvements in and Relating to the Man u facture of Artificial Cement, (for which French Patent No. 263,590, dated January 30, 1807, and Belgian Patent No. 128,660, dated June 8, 1897, have been granted,) of which the following is a specification.

This invention has for its object an improved process for the direct and commercial manufacture of an artificial cement of great durability and freedom from impurities, such as compounds of sulfur.

The process consists, essentially, of the calcining and fusion of a natural marly limestone or of a prepared mixture of calcareous matter and of argil or clay. The product obtained is granulated after the manner of certain slags or lavas, and it serves when mixed with slaked lime and by known processes in the manufacture of hard-setting cement.

The operation comprises two consecutive stagesthe decarbonization of the calcareous element and afterward the fusion-and they should be carried out, preferably, in two separate and consecutive furnaces, the first for the decarbonization and the second for the fusion.

The deoarbonizating-furnace may be an ordinary limekiln of five or six meters in height only, which height is sufficient, because I extract or draw the material still heated out of the furnace to send or transmit it directly into the water-jacket.

The fusion-furnace may be a low waterjacketed apparatus of about one meter diameter and one and a half meters high, similar to those employed in the fusion of matt-copper. Fuel of low-heating power can be employed in the first furnace, the decarbonization requiring only a temperature of 800 to 900 centigrade, and the ashes can be separated in a divided or powdered condition at the bottom of the furnace.

In carrying out the process two calcining furnaces of three meters diameter and from five to six meters in height,havinggood drafts, will be able to supply a water-jacketed f usionfurnace of one meter diameter which can fuse from forty to fifty tons per day.

One of the characteristic features of the invention is that itsolves the important question of desulfurization. It is well-known that the presence of sulfur is harmful in cements, whether in the state of calcium sulfid or sulfate of lime, as in lava and Portland cements, and is especially harmful in hydraulic inortors or those intended to be used in the sea.

The carrying out of the operation in one and the same tall furnace would have a reducing eifect like a blast-furnace, so that the fused product will contain sulfid of calcium-if, as always happens, the ingredients-limestone and clay-contain sulfur. A low water-jacketed furnace, being required only to fuse, proceeds under oxidizing conditions, so that the desulfurization is almost complete. Marly limestones containing up to four per cent. or five per cent. of sulfur in the form of iron pyrites or sulfate of lime give in the water- -jacket a fused product, which contains only traces of the sulfur.

In the accompanying drawings, Figure 1 is an elevation of the whole of this plant. Fig. 2 is a plan thereof. Fig. 3 is a vertical section, drawn to a larger scale, of a water-jacketed melting-furnace; and Fig. 4 is a sectional plan view on the line 4 4:, Fig. 3.

Two or three furnaces A, of abolit three meters diameter and from five to six meters high, are fed or charged directly with the marly limestone or the mixture of calcareous mattersand clay, as well as with fuel, in alternate layers. These furnaces have two grids or gratings, one having movable bars a for withdrawal and removal, the other and lower one having fixed bars I) for the sifting of the cinders, which are thus separated. The calcined material is received still warm in trucks (1, to be conveyed directly to the water-jacket B. The more or less impure fuel cinders fall into a truck (1 under the fixed grating to be thrown away.

The water-jacket is represented on a larger scale in Figs. 3 and 4;. H is the crucible of N, which is itself supported by columns P.

The blastis supplied to the furnace from a circular pipe Q through branches q, leading to the twyers which pass through the lower part of the casing B and supply the air to the interior of the jacket.

The fused product falls directly into a tank D, where it is granulated. An elevator with perforated buckets or any other suitable elevator E raises it and discharges it into a-truck g to be conveyed to the drying-rooms or warehouses.

It should be understood that I do not confine myself to the precise shapes and sizes of theapparatus shown 'in thedrawings, for I could perform the two operationsthe decarbonization and the fusionin a single waterjacketapparatus of a low height; but it is evident that the production or output would be thereby considerably lessened and the process would be much less economical.

In any case, whether the process be carried out in one or several furnaces, it is essential that the fusion should take place in a waterjacket-that is to say, in a furnace the wall of which cooled by acurrent of water resists the action of the fused mattersand it is also essential in order that the desulfurization may take place that this water-jacket furnace should be of such a low height that it can work under oxidizing conditions.

I claim as my invention- 7 In the art of making cement, the herein-described process consisting in calcining marly limestone and then fusing the same under oxidizing conditions, and thereby removing the sulfur while the materials are in a state of fusion, substantially as described.

In testimony whereof I have signed my name to this specification in the presence of two subscribing witnesses.

LOUIS HENRI MAURICE 'MERGERON-VIC'AT.

\Vitnesses:

Aucus'rn BURTIN, Y ALEXANDER GAGMIN. 

